Lori Freedman, PhD
Lori Freedman, PhD, is a sociologist and bioethicist who conducts primarily qualitative research about how the politics of abortion shape obstetric and reproductive medical care in the United States. Her research currently focuses on how clinicians understand and implement state abortion bans in emergency medicine, ob-gyn and high-risk obstetric practice. Her 2010 book, Willing and Unable: Doctors’ Constraints in Abortion Care, is a qualitative study about physician practice at a time when abortion training had expanded throughout the U.S., but the number of clinicians providing had not. Her 2023 book, Bishops and Bodies: Reproductive Care in American Catholic Hospitals, is a synthesis of over 10 years her research at the intersection of religious institutional power and health care. It reveals how the bishops’ policies restrict standard reproductive care, how clinicians inside Catholic hospitals navigate around those restrictions, and how patients experience them. In 2024, Bishops and Bodies won the Donald W. Light Award for Applied Medical Sociology from the American Sociological Association. Dr. Freedman is a full professor in the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences at the University of California, San Francisco. She conducts research with Advancing New Standards In Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), a program of the Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health at UCSF. She received her PhD in sociology from the University of California, Davis and is a Greenwall Faculty Scholar alum.
For a full list of Dr. Freedman's publications, awards, and presentations, click here.
Citations
- Freedman LR, Maryani Palupy Rasidjan, PhD. How Catholic Health Systems Made “Conscientious Objection” Unconscionable. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. June 2025; https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2025.45.
- Freedman LR, Debra Stulberg, MD, Platt ER. Not Here or There: How Catholic Hospital Abortion Bans Interact with State Bans. Journal of Health Care Law and Policy. May 2025; https://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/jhclp/vol28/iss2/4.
- Schroeder R, Freedman LR, Becker A, Chris Ahlbach, Biggs MA. Imagining Coat-Hangers and Pills: A Qualitative Exploration of Abortion Beliefs and Attitudes in Hostile Policy Contexts in the United States. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. January 2025; https://doi.org/10.1111/psrh.12289.
- Freedman LR, Paul-Emile K. No Strings Attached: How Catholic Institutions Prospered at the Expense of the Administrative State and Patient Autonomy. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. May 2024; https://doi.org/10.1017/jme.2024.74.
- Becker A, Biggs MA, Chris Ahlbach, Schroeder R, Freedman LR. Medicalization as a social good? Lay perceptions about self-managed abortion, legality, and criminality. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health. May 2024; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100444.
- Boulware A, Wascher JM, Wong ZJ, Hasselbacher L, Chen J, Freedman LR, Debra Stulberg, MD. Missed opportunities in postpartum contraception: Bridging the gaps for patients who deliver at Catholic hospitals in Illinois. Reproductive, Female and Child Health. February 2024; https://doi.org/10.1002/rfc2.75.
- Hebert LE, Wingo E, Nada Hassanein, Schueler K, Freedman LR, Debra Stulberg, MD. Reproductive healthcare denials among a privately insured population. Preventative Medicine. September 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101450.
- Hasselbacher L, Wingo E, Cacioppo A, Ashley McHugh, Debra Stulberg, MD, Freedman LR. Beyond Hobby Lobby: Employer's responsibilities and opportunities to improve network access to reproductive healthcare for employees. Contraception: X. May 2022; DOI: 10.1016/j.conx.2022.100078.
- Wong ZJ, Thompson L, Boulware A, Chen J, Freedman LR, Debra Stulberg, MD, Hasselbacher L. What you don't know can hurt you: Patient and provider perspectives on postpartum contraceptive care in Illinois Catholic Hospitals. Contraception. November 2021; DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.10.004.
- Altshuler AL, Ojanen-Goldsmith A, Blumenthal PD, Freedman LR. "Going through it together": Being accompanied by loved ones during birth and abortion. Social Science & Medicine. July 2021; [Epub ahead of print].
- Kramer RD, Higgins JA, Burns ME, Stulberg DB, Freedman LR. Expectations about Availability of Contraception and Abortion at a Hypothetical Catholic Hospital: Rural-Urban Disparities among Wisconsin Women. Contraception. May 2021; S0010-7824(21)00175-X. [Epub ahead of print].
- Kramer RD, Higgins JA, Burns ME, Freedman LR, Stulberg DB. Prevalence and Experiences of Wisconsin Women Turned Away from Catholic Settings Without Receiving Reproductive Care. Contraception. May 2021; S0010-7824(21)00154-2. [Epub ahead of print].
- Schueler K, Hebert LE, Wingo E, Freedman LR, Stulberg DB. Denial of tubal ligation in religious hospitals: Consumer attitudes when insurance limits hospital choice. Contraception. February 2021; [Epub ahead of print].
- Freedman LR, Landy U, Langton C, Rocca CH, Bennett AH, Ly E. Interprofessional abortion opposition: A national survey and qualitative interviews with abortion training program directors at U.S. teaching hospitals. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. January 2021; 52(4):235-244.
- Casas L, Freedman LR, Ramm A, Correa S, Baba F, Biggs MA. Chilean medical and midwifery faculty's views on conscientious objection for abortion services. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. December 2020; 46(1):25-34.
- Biggs MA, Tome L, Mays A, Kaller S, Harper CC, Freedman LR. The fine line between informing and coercing: Community health center clinicians' approaches to counseling young people about IUDs. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. December 2020; 52(4):245-252.
- Wascher JM, Stulberg DB, Freedman LR. Anticipatory counseling about miscarriage management in Catholic hospitals: A qualitative exploration of women's preferences. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. November 2020; 52:171-179.
- Wascher JM, Stulberg DB, Freedman LR. Restrictions on reproductive care at catholic hospitals: a qualitative study of patient experiences and perspectives. AJOB Empirical Bioethics. September 2020.
- Zeldovich VB, Rocca CH, Langton C, Landy U, Ly ES, Freedman LR. Abortion policies in U.S. teaching hospitals: Formal and informal parameters beyond the law. Obstetrics & Gynecology. May 2020; 135(6):1296-1305.
- Hebert LE, Freedman LR, Stulberg DB. Choosing a hospital for obstetric, gynecologic, or reproductive healthcare: what matters most to patients?. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM. February 2020; 2(1):100067.
- Kaller S, Mays A, Freedman LR, Harper CC, Biggs MA. Exploring young women’s reasons for adopting intrauterine or oral emergency contraception in the United States: a qualitative study. BMC Women's Health. January 2020; 20:15(2020).
- Stulberg DB, Guiahi M, Hebert LE, Freedman LR. Women's Expectation of Receiving Reproductive Health Care at Catholic and Non‐Catholic Hospitals. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. September 2019; 51(3):135-142.
- Wascher JM, Hebert LE, Freedman LR, Stulberg DB. Do women know whether their hospital is Catholic? Results from a National Survey. Contraception. December 2018; 98(6):498-503.
- Freedman LR, Charo RA. When Conscience Calls for Treatment: The Challenge of Reproductive Care in Religious Hospitals. NAM Perspectives. April 2018; Commentary, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC.
- Biggs MA, Kaller S, Harper CC, Freedman LR, Mays AR. "Birth Control can Easily Take a Back Seat": Challenges Providing IUDs in Community Health Care Settings. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. February 2018; 29(1):228-244.
- Battistelli M, Magnusson S, Biggs MA, Freedman LR. Expanding the Abortion Provider Workforce: A Qualitative Study of Organizations Implementing a New California Policy. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. February 2018; 50(1):33-39.
- Freedman LR, Hebert LE, Battistelli M, Stulberg DB. Religious hospital policies on reproductive care: What do patients want to know?. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. February 2018; 218(2):251.e1-251.e9.
- Altshuler AL, Ojanen-Goldsmith A, Blumenthal PD, Freedman LR. A good abortion experience: A qualitative exploration of Women's needs and preferences in clinical care. Social Science & Medicine. September 2017; 191:109-116.
- Steinauer JE, Freedman LR. Institutional Religious Policies That Follow Obstetricians and Gynecologists Into Practice. Journal of Graduate Medical Education. August 2017; 9.4 (2017): 447-450.
- Homaifar N, Freedman LR, French VA. “She's on her own”: a thematic analysis of clinicians' comments on abortion referral. Contraception. May 2017; 95(5):470-476.
- Gelman A, Rosenfeld EA, Nikolajski C, Freedman LR, Steinberg JR, Borrero S. Abortion Stigma Among Low-Income Women Obtaining Abortions in Western Pennsylvania: A Qualitative Assessment. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. March 2017; 49(1):29-36.
- Kimport K, Weitz TA, Freedman LR. The Stratified Legitimacy of Abortions. Journal of Health and Social Behavior. November 2016; 57(4):03-516.
- Stulberg DB, Jackson RA, Freedman LR. Referrals for Services Prohibited In Catholic Health Care Facilities. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. July 2016; DOI: 10.1363/48e10216.
- Freedman LR, Stulberg DB. The Research Consortium on Religious Healthcare Institutions: studying the impact of religious restrictions on women's reproductive health. Contraception. July 2016; 94(1):6-10.
- Freedman LR, Battistelli M, Gerdts C, McLemore MR. Radical or routine? Nurse practitioners, nurse-midwives, and physician assistants as abortion providers. Reproductive Health Matters. May 2015; 23 (45):90-92.
- Nikolajski C, Miller E, McCauley HL, Akers A, Schwarz EB, Freedman LR, Steinauer JE, Ibrahim S, Borrero S. Race and reproductive coercion: a qualitative assessment. Women's Health Issues. May 2015; 25(3):216-23.
- Borrero S, Nikolajski C, Steinberg JR, Freedman LR, Akers AY, Ibrahim S, Schwarz EB. "It just happens": a qualitative study exploring low-income women's perspectives on pregnancy intention and planning.. Contraception. February 2015; 91(2):150-6.
- Freedman LR. Forgiveness in the Abortion Clinic. Atrium. Winter 2014; 12:6-8.
- McLemore MR, Desai S, Freedman LR, James EA, Taylor D. Women Know Best—Findings from a Thematic Analysis of 5,214 Surveys of Abortion Care Experience. Women's Health Issues. November 2014; 24(6):594-599.
- Stulberg DB, Hoffman Y, Dahlquist IH, Freedman LR. Tubal ligation in Catholic hospitals: a qualitative study of ob-gyns’ experiences. Contraception. October 2014; 90(4):422-8.
- Steinauer JE, Turk JK, Preskill F, Devaskar S, Freedman LR, Landy U. Impact of partial participation in integrated family planning training on medical knowledge, patient communication and professionalism. Contraception. April 2014; 89(4):278-85.
- Freedman LR, Levi A. How Clinicians Develop Confidence in Their Competence in Performing Aspiration Abortion. Qualitative Health Research. January 2014; 24(1):78-89.
- Freedman LR, Stulberg DB. Conflicts in Care for Obstetric Complications in Catholic Hospitals. American Journal of Bioethics Primary Research. August 2013; 4:4,1-10.
- Morse J, Freedman LR, Speidel JJ, Thompson KMJ, Stratton L, Harper CC. Postabortion Contraception: Qualitative Interviews On Counseling and Provision of Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Methods. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. June 2012; 42(2):100-6.
- Freedman LR, Weitz TA. The Politics of Motherhood Meets the Politics of Poverty. Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews. January 2012; 41(1):36-42.
- O'Donnell J, Weitz TA, Freedman LR. Resistance and vulnerability to stigmatization in abortion work. Social Science & Medicine. November 2011; 73(9): 1357–1364.
- Upadhyay UD, Cockrill K, Freedman LR. Informing Abortion Counseling: An Examination of Evidence-based Practices Used in Emotional Care for Other Stigmatized and Sensitive Health Issues. Patient Education and Counseling. December 2010.
- Wallace RR, Goodman S, Freedman LR, Dalton VK, Harris LH. Counseling women with early pregnancy failure: Utilizing evidence, preserving preference. Patient Education and Counseling. December 2010; 81(3):454-61.
- Freedman LR, Landy U, Darney PD, Steinauer JE. Obstacles to the Integration of Abortion Into Obstetrics and Gynecology Practice. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. September 2010; 42(3).
- Freedman LR. Willing and Unable: Doctors' Constraints in Abortion Care. Vanderbilt University Press. July 2010; Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
- Freedman LR, Landy U, Steinauer JE. Obstetrician-gynecologist experiences with abortion training: physician insights from a qualitative study. Contraception. June 2010; 81(2010):525-530.
- Freedman LR, Landy U, Steinauer JE. When There's a Heartbeat: Miscarriage Management in Catholic-Owned Hospitals. American Journal of Public Health. October 2008; 98(10): 1774–1778.